Use of basalt fibers in bituminous mastics

Bituminous mastic is a homogeneous mass of bitumen, dust or fibrous fillers (limestone, dolomite, quartz powder, talc or asbestos 7th grade, mineral wool), preservatives and additives. Fillers can reduce the consumption of bitumen and its fragility, to improve heat resistance.
Hot bitumen roofing mastic brands MBK-G-55, MBK-G-65, MBK-G-75, MBK-G-85, MBK-G-100 (letters indicate the abbreviated name of mastic, and the numbers - its heat resistance) is prepared by heating the bitumen up to 160 - 180 oC, which is introduced into the filler and additives.
Cold bituminous mastics consist of a mixture of bitumen, solvent (solar oil, kerosene), a filler and an antiseptic. Due to the presence of solar oil capable of dissolving the bitumen and to seep into the rolled material, the mastic does not need to warm up, they are well adhered to each other and glued to the bottom of the roof membrane elements.
Cold bituminous mastics are designed for device multilayer roofing for hydraulic and vapor barrier. The most common is mastic MBK-X-1.
Wood tar mastic consists of tarry binder and filler. Producing hot wood tar mastic MDC-T-50, MDC-T and MDC-60-G-70, which are used in the production of roofing and waterproofing works (cold areas).
The device is waterproof laminated carpet is not required for so-called "without roll roofs." To these may be used cold asphalt mastic (with lime emulsifier) ​​consisting (by weight) of the emulsion - 50, dusty filler (limestone, dolomite, cement dust, brick) - 35, fibrous fillers such as asbestos, phenol, mineral fibers 3 -persent solution of sodium fluoride - 5 Water - 10. The emulsion contains 57% bitumen, 5 - 8% stillage, 36 - 38% water.
There is a bitumen-rubber mastic cold, composed of bitumen III - 35 - 45% crumb rubber - l5 - 20% of the solvent is white spirit - 30 - 40% filler - fibre- 10 - 15%. This paste can be transported through the pipeline ..
Basalt fiber as the filler can improve the mechanical properties of the mastic to prevent the formation of cracks in the coating during the cold season, reduce flow mastic when exposed to heat. Fibres hardly stretched, pores on the surface of the fibers are filled, thereby creates reinforcement coating. Basalt rock is alkaline, so you need to use for the production of mastic anionic bitumen emulsions. When applied specifically introduced surfactants (surfactant) should be borne in mind that certain carriers bitumens are oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, which act as surfactants. Because the bitumen present in the surfactant preferably of anionic type chemisorption processes are possible only on the surface of mineral materials containing oxides of alkaline earth and heavy metals. On the surface of the mineral materials are usually acidic rocks adsorption is physical in nature. The positive charge of the surface of the main species of mineral materials favors the adsorption of anionic surfactants, but it is not always positively charged.
Adsorption processes and molecular surface phenomena related to the adsorption of surfactant, change the structure of the boundary layers of bitumen and affect the properties of bituminous mixtures. Anionic surfactants provide good adhesion when formed soap sparingly. It is found that the carboxyl compound fixed on the surface of the minerals in the molecular, and in ionic form. Therefore is essential pre-activation of the mineral surface.
Introduction of surfactants improves the adhesion of the bitumen to the mineral constituents, to improve their processability.
The Earth's crust is 80% of the basalt rock. Millions of years, this material has lain in the ground while maintaining their properties, which suggests its durability and environmental friendliness. Production of roofing mastics using basalt fibers little practiced in the absence of the latter in the construction market. But recently, the production of the fibers was intensively developed that provides reliable on their wider use.